Apoquel and Cancer in Dogs

Dogs are contracting cancer from a new medicine (introduced in 2013) given to control itching. 
#apoquel #canine #dog #cancer #oclacitinib

In the most basic of "summaries": You can't use it in people, and it causes new cancer in about 15-18/300 NON-elderly dogs. Severe bacterial/fungal infections in @30-35/300 dogs.

Now let's get to the meat and potatoes:

Video "Apoquel and Cancer in Dogs"

A customer asked me about a new medication called Apoquel. It is prescribed for dogs that are itching because of allergic reactions to substances, fleas, and more. Apparently it is effective in many of the cases it is used in. If you check the internet, you will read hysterical reports from some of the dog breeder sites that say that "50% of animals getting Apoquel will die of cancer". Not surprising. However a veterinary dermatologist who prescribes Apoquel regularly arrives at a more refined / conservative conclusion per the packaging material and that is that about 5% of animals getting apoquel will suffer cancer. However in that author's opinion (the dermatologist's) it was thought that 5% of non-elderly animals would have gotten cancer over the course of a year anyway. I disagree. Because, if you read the testing results more closely they were able to attribute specific cancers to Apoquel. It was not usually random; in the types of cancer contracted. Later on in this article I will list the specific answers researchers found in Apoquel studies.

In almost all of the trials, cancer was not the most common negative side effect. Severe infections and pneumonia were also noted to the extent that in some cases the trial had to be stopped for those animals. Depending upon how you interpret the results of these studies, upwards of 10 percent and possibly closer to 20 percent of animals had significant reactions that compromised quality of life as a result of this medication.

Apoquel has been around a while. It was out in late 2013 and was not tested in many animals at all. It has a fearsome list of direct effects…..and to create THAT much cancer and pneumonia in such a tiny study group of no more than 500 dogs, total. :u(

Better than twelve percent of all dogs given Apoquel developed: pneumonia, bullous foot and node infections, or any one of a dozen cancers directly related to Apoquel.

It isn't used in people, and even has hazard instructions if you simply get it on your skin. (Open / broken capsule)

300+/- Dogs in field trial: 
Eighteen dogs were euthanized because of suspected malignant neoplasms: including thoracic metastatic, abdominal metastatic, splenic, frontal sinus, and intracranial neoplasms, and transitional cell carcinoma after 17, 120, 175, 49, 141, and 286 days of APOQUEL administration, respectively. Two dogs each developed a Grade II mast cell tumor after 52 and 91 days of APOQUEL administration, respectively. One dog developed low grade B-cell lymphoma after 392 days of APOQUEL administration. Two dogs each developed an apocrine gland adenocarcinoma (one dermal, one anal sac) after approximately 210 and 320 days of APOQUEL administration, respectively. One dog developed a low grade oral spindle cell sarcoma after 320 days of APOQUEL administration.

From the above statistic, what is commonly overlooked is that those all occurred within a group of less than 300 animals.

When they went from clinical to field trials; 6% (six-point-zero-percent) of their study got cancer!

Infections were essentially twice as common (@10%) but only a few were life-threatening or lethal.

Nutshell?
It's just too immunosuppressive.

The doctor-to-consumer selling point is; "It won't cause thirst hunger and weight gain like prednisone-category meds". Which is crazy-attractive I know. But the risks are too high in most patients with the garden variety itching.

This may come as a big surprise to some people, but drug manufacturers quite possibly rely on the fact that folks won't read the fine print, and I suspect even some doctors won't. When I refer to fine print I am NOT necessarily talking about the 'massaged' fine print provided by the manufacturer. Sometimes better and more accurate information can be interpreted from National Institutes of Health, publicly funded research and university level tracts, and PubMed.

Apoquel is powerfully immune suppressive, not unlike Cyclosporine (Atopica°) however Apoquel is in a drug class and category by itself.

So far, I don't know much that is as safe, or cheap as steroids for skin issues (whose cause is exclusive to other infectious causes), but; nutrition is making headway.

Erik

Dr Erik Johnson
3100 Roswell Rd Suite 113
Marietta GA 
TEL: (770) 977-5377
FAX: (770) 973-0301

Dec 2017: I have posted a video of the first dog I've gotten off Apoquel (without cancer). We took advantage of information on low carb / carb intolerance in dogs. His video is somewhere in this thread. Sorry. 
I put details and citations of this article at: drjohnson.com/apoquel.html
"Sciency" folks wanted me to 'back up my random internet post' so I just linked to Zoetis' own prescriber information. That was easy peasy. I'm sure they wish they didn't have to post their fine print on the internet LOL.

For the record, I don't like Prednisone much either. It's the mildest thing (that works) for now, but I am ALWAYS on the hunt for the Grail.

Addendum: Between the above writing and July 2017, I have put five cases on it after a lot of discussion with owners about possible consequences. I am already back down to four cases on Apoquel since Bella T. now has lymphoma and has left the group. In fairness, Bella was better off dead than in the skin she lived in before Apoquel. Which is the only criteria I use these days before putting a dog on Apoquel. It works extremely well.

For more pet related videos please visit dr Johnson's Youtube Channel

Dr Johnson's Facebook Page